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oracle集群數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)有些時(shí)候并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)負(fù)載均衡，基本所有業(yè)務(wù)都在某一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上，所以容易造成某一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)宕機(jī)的情況，針對(duì)這種情況我們就需要手動(dòng)為期配置負(fù)載均衡。針對(duì)負(fù)載均衡配置有在服務(wù)器端和客戶(hù)端兩種入手方法（但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)主要還是服務(wù)器端配置效果更明顯）
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一、服務(wù)器端配置
1、首先要在每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)服務(wù)器上tnsnames.ora文件進(jìn)行如下，注意看紅色部分，而且我建議在HOST后面的值直接寫(xiě)IP地址，如果寫(xiě)hosts文件的主機(jī)名的話，有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)TNS連接超時(shí)的情況。
RACDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.153)(PORT = 1521))/*一節(jié)點(diǎn)的IP*/
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.154)(PORT = 1521))/*二節(jié)點(diǎn)的IP*/
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.155)(PORT = 1521))/*如果是11G的話，需要把scan ip也寫(xiě)上，不然你用scan ip連不上去*/
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes) /*這個(gè)參數(shù)必須添加，不然沒(méi)法實(shí)現(xiàn)均衡負(fù)載*/
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = RACDB)
)
)
LISTENERS_RACDB =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.153)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.154)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.155)(PORT = 1521))
)
2、任意一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行如下操作。在初始化參數(shù)中設(shè)置參數(shù)remote_listeners
SQL> conn system/admin@racdb
已連接。
SQL> show parameter remote_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_listener string /*可以看到當(dāng)前的值為空*/
SQL>
SQL> alter system set remote_listener='LISTENERS_RACDB' sid='*'; /*這個(gè)值一定要和前面tnsnames.ora文件里的一樣*/
#（reset命令可以撤銷(xiāo)設(shè)置，恢復(fù)默認(rèn)值）
系統(tǒng)已更改。
show parameter remote_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_listener string LISTENERS_RACDB /*可以看到剛才修改的已經(jīng)生效*/
3、現(xiàn)在可以看下監(jiān)聽(tīng)信息，正確配置參數(shù)后，通過(guò)lsnrctl status命令看到在監(jiān)聽(tīng)啟動(dòng)以后，可以看到監(jiān)聽(tīng)器上有2個(gè)instance。
[grid@node01 bin]# lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 18-DEC-2014 05:40:08
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER_NODE01
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 18-DEC-2014 00:18:07
Uptime 0 days 15 hr. 22 min. 1 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /orac/orahome/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /orac/orahome/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener_node01.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.230.153)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.230.154)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.230.155)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "RACDB" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "RACDB1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "RACDB2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "RACDBXDB" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "RACDB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "RACDB2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "RACDB_XPT" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "RACDB1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "RACDB2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
二、客戶(hù)端配置
在每個(gè)客戶(hù)端或者JDBC的程序都用LOAD_BALANCE = yes的參數(shù)即可
客戶(hù)端的tnsnames.ora如下修改
RAC_DB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.153)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.230.154)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(FAILOVER = on)
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = RAC_DB)
(FAILOVER_MODE = (TYPE = SELECT)
(METHOD = BASIC)
(RETRIES = 20)
(DELAY = 10)
)
)
)
標(biāo)紅的這幾個(gè)參數(shù)代表意義：
LOAD_BALANCE=YES 表示的負(fù)載均衡，而且這個(gè)應(yīng)該是客戶(hù)端的負(fù)載均衡，就是隨機(jī)的進(jìn)行連接分配。
FAILOVER =ON 表示的是客戶(hù)端連接時(shí)的故障轉(zhuǎn)移。也就是說(shuō)在建立會(huì)話的時(shí)候如果發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)故障就去檢測(cè)另外的節(jié)點(diǎn)。默認(rèn)就是開(kāi)啟的。但是現(xiàn)在ORACLE一般使用TAF，就是說(shuō)即使在連接期間出現(xiàn)故障，也會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他節(jié)點(diǎn)繼續(xù)操作
failover_mode 有幾個(gè)參數(shù)TYPE MOTHOD RETRIES DELAY。
mothod 取值 basic preconnect(前者是在感知了錯(cuò)誤才建立到其他節(jié)點(diǎn)的連接，后者是預(yù)先建立到其他節(jié)點(diǎn)的連接）
TYPE 取值 SELECT或 SESSION（前者在故障節(jié)點(diǎn)的查詢(xún)結(jié)果不會(huì)拋棄，在新節(jié)點(diǎn)繼續(xù)余下的操作，后者就是重新進(jìn)行操作，拋棄以前的操作）
retries就是重試次數(shù)
DELAY 重試間隔時(shí)間，也可以使用SERVICE來(lái)做服務(wù)端的 TAF。
當(dāng)前名稱(chēng)：ORACLERAC均衡負(fù)載
轉(zhuǎn)載源于：http://www.dlmjj.cn/article/jcscep.html
