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和華為官方合作共建的鴻蒙技術(shù)社區(qū)

https://harmonyos./#zz

在學(xué)習(xí)的路上我們不能只是停留在對(duì)理論知識(shí)的理解，還應(yīng)該將理論和實(shí)戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行結(jié)合，這樣才有利于我們能夠更有深度的掌握知識(shí)，最終形成自己的知識(shí)體系結(jié)構(gòu)。我們?cè)趯?shí)戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候，不僅可以鞏固我們的理論知識(shí)，還能夠在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，并找到合適的解決方案。

前面的章節(jié)中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了六大布局和常用的組件，我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)布局和組件的時(shí)候也有一些小示例。通過(guò)這些小示例我們僅僅是對(duì)當(dāng)前的布局和組件的使用有了深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)，但UI界面布局中不可能單純只存在某個(gè)組件，復(fù)雜的UI界面中會(huì)出現(xiàn)多種布局、多種組件進(jìn)行組合。本節(jié)我將在HarmonyOS智慧屏上實(shí)現(xiàn)常規(guī)的計(jì)算器。

整個(gè)計(jì)算器是將文本組件和按鈕組件組合起來(lái)，然后放在一個(gè)容器中。通過(guò)監(jiān)聽(tīng)按鈕的點(diǎn)擊事件并更改文本組件的顯示內(nèi)容，最終達(dá)成計(jì)算器(本節(jié)示例中遺忘了小數(shù)點(diǎn)，如果有興趣的話，可以自己嘗試的加上小數(shù)點(diǎn))的效果。

對(duì)于計(jì)算器UI界面而言，我將其拆解為上下兩部分，上區(qū)域用于顯示，下區(qū)域用于按鈕組。在上區(qū)域存在兩個(gè)Text組件，分別用于顯示數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式和按鈕對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)字值。下區(qū)域是一些按鈕組件，數(shù)字區(qū)域，運(yùn)算符號(hào)以及回退和清除。

 

對(duì)于整個(gè)示例布局我做了簡(jiǎn)單的拆解和介紹，接下來(lái)我將以代碼的形式實(shí)現(xiàn)上面的UI界面。為了使各個(gè)布局中的組件能通過(guò)不同的占比顯示，我這里選用DirectionalLayout布局，并設(shè)置它的權(quán)重比，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)組件在不居中的占比。

1、整個(gè)布局分為上下兩個(gè)區(qū)域，因此DirectionalLayout布局的方向?yàn)関ertical(垂直)。并且分為兩個(gè)區(qū)域，上下區(qū)域占比為2：3。

 
 
 
 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" 
  
  
  
  
    ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
    ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
    ohos:orientation="vertical"> 
  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
        ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
        ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
        ohos:weight="2" 
  
  
  
  
        ohos:orientation="vertical"> 
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
        ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
        ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
        ohos:weight="3" 
  
  
  
  
        ohos:orientation="vertical"> 
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 

 2、上區(qū)域是兩個(gè)Text組件，布局依舊是DirectionalLayout布局，兩個(gè)組件在布局中的權(quán)重比為3:4。

 
 
 
 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
      ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
      ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
      ohos:weight="2" 
  
  
  
  
      ohos:orientation="vertical"> 
  
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
          ohos:id="$+id:show_math_expression" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:weight="3" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:text="5+2+7-" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:text_size="40fp" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:text_alignment="right | vertical_center" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:right_padding="20vp"/> 
  
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
          ohos:id="$+id:show_input_value" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:background_element="#F2F2F2" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:weight="4" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:text="1" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:text_size="60fp" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:text_alignment="right | vertical_center" 
  
  
  
  
          ohos:right_padding="20vp"/> 
  
  
  
  
   
 
 
 
 

 3、下區(qū)域?yàn)榘粹o組區(qū)域，分為三部分，除了等號(hào)之外的按鈕都是在各自布局中的占比為1。

 
 
 
 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
     ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
     ohos:weight="3" 
  
  
  
  
     ohos:orientation="vertical"> 
  
  
  
  
       
  
  
  
         ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:background_element="#FFFF00" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:orientation="horizontal"> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="7"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="8"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="9"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="+"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="-"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:image_src="$media:delete"/> 
  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
  
       
  
  
  
         ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:background_element="#FF00FF" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:orientation="horizontal"> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="4"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="5"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="6"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="*"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="/"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="C"/> 
  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
  
       
  
  
  
         ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:background_element="#00FFFF" 
  
  
  
  
         ohos:orientation="horizontal"> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="1"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="2"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="3"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="1" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_color="#455A64" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_weight="700" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="0"/> 
  
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
             ohos:height="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:width="match_parent" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:weight="2" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_size="50fp" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button_style" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text_alignment="center" 
  
  
  
  
             ohos:text="="/> 
  
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 

 4、預(yù)覽UI布局界面

5、UI界面布局組件完成后，接下來(lái)我將實(shí)現(xiàn)具體的操作業(yè)務(wù)，這里僅羅列部分，詳情請(qǐng)查閱代碼。

1)首先對(duì)組件進(jìn)綁定

 
 
 
 

  
  
  
  
//顯示表達(dá)式 
  
  
  
  
private Text showMathExp = null; 
  
  
  
  
//顯示錄入 
  
  
  
  
private Text showInputValue = null; 
  
  
  
  
//數(shù)字按鈕7 
  
  
  
  
private Button btnServe = null; 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
// ... 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
//回退按鈕 
  
  
  
  
private Image btnBack = null;  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
@Override 
  
  
  
  
public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
  
  
  
  
    super.onStart(intent); 
  
  
  
  
    super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main); 
  
  
  
  
    showMathExp = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_show_math_expression); 
  
  
  
  
    showInputValue = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_show_input_value); 
  
  
  
  
     
  
  
  
  
    //按鈕 
  
  
  
  
    btnServe = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn_seven); 
  
  
  
  
    // ... 
  
  
  
  
    //回退 
  
  
  
  
    btnBack = (Image) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_btn_back); 
  
  
  
  
} 
 
 
 
 

2)按鈕的監(jiān)聽(tīng)事件

 

 
 
 
 

  
  
  
  
//點(diǎn)擊按鈕7的操作 
  
  
  
  
       btnServe.setClickedListener(l -> { 
  
  
  
  
           //TODO 現(xiàn)有表達(dá)式顯示區(qū)是否有內(nèi)容 
  
  
  
  
            
  
  
  
  
           //更改表達(dá)式顯示區(qū)內(nèi)容 
  
  
  
  
           //showMathExp.setText(); 
  
  
  
  
           //更改錄入數(shù)字顯示區(qū)內(nèi)容 
  
  
  
  
           showInputValue.setText(7); 
  
  
  
  
       }); 
 
 
 
 

 

 對(duì)于表達(dá)式顯示區(qū)、具體運(yùn)算等業(yè)務(wù)邏輯可以直接查看代碼，此處不做詳細(xì)贅述。

我的HarmonyOS GitHub庫(kù)

?著作權(quán)歸作者和HarmonyOS技術(shù)社區(qū)共同所有，如需轉(zhuǎn)載，請(qǐng)注明出處，否則將追究法律責(zé)任

想了解更多內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)：

和華為官方合作共建的鴻蒙技術(shù)社區(qū)

https://harmonyos./#zz

 

分享文章：在鴻蒙HarmonyOS智慧屏上實(shí)現(xiàn)一款粗糙的計(jì)算器
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