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GTID的概念

何為GITD
GTID(global transaction identifier)是全局事務(wù)標(biāo)識符,在mysql5.6版本中作為一個超級特性被推出。事務(wù)標(biāo)識不僅對于Master(起源)的服務(wù)器來說是惟一的,而且在整個復(fù)制拓?fù)浼軜?gòu)來說,也是全局唯一的。
1.GTID的格式
GTID = source_id:transaction_id
GTID分為兩部分,source_id和transaction_id。source_id是通過使用MySQL服務(wù)的server_uuid來表示 。transaction_id 是在事務(wù)提交的時候由系統(tǒng)順序分配的一個序列號。
使用show master status查看當(dāng)前實例執(zhí)行過的GTID事務(wù)信息。如下:
(root@localhost) [Ztest]> show master status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000005
Position: 1959
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 4160e9b3-58d9-11e8-b174-005056af6f24:1-10
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看出,本實例的source_id為4160e9b3-58d9-11e8-b174-005056af6f24,transaction_id為1-10,說明是提交了10個事務(wù)。
MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)的uuid的查詢方式。
(root@localhost) [(none)]> show GLOBAL VARIABLES like 'server_uuid';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | 4160e9b3-58d9-11e8-b174-005056af6f24 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
2.GTID的集合
GTID集合是一組全局事務(wù)標(biāo)識符,格式如下:
gtid_set:
uuid_set [, uuid_set] ...
| ''
uuid_set:
uuid:interval[:interval]...
uuid:
hhhhhhhh-hhhh-hhhh-hhhh-hhhhhhhhhhhh
h:
[0-9|A-F]
interval:
n[-n]
(n >= 1)
3.GTID的管理
MySQL庫中新增了gtid_exectued表,在MySQL 8.0中表結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
(root@localhost) [(none)]> use mysql
Database changed
(root@localhost) [mysql]> show create table gtid_executed \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: gtid_executed
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `gtid_executed` (
`source_uuid` char(36) NOT NULL COMMENT 'uuid of the source where the transaction was originally executed.',
`interval_start` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'First number of interval.',
`interval_end` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Last number of interval.',
PRIMARY KEY (`source_uuid`,`interval_start`)
) /*!50100 TABLESPACE `mysql` */ ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看目前已經(jīng)執(zhí)行過的事務(wù),語句如下:
(root@localhost) [mysql]> select * from gtid_executed;
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| source_uuid | interval_start | interval_end |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| 4160e9b3-58d9-11e8-b174-005056af6f24 | 1 | 26 |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
可以分析
?當(dāng)未開啟binlog時,每個事務(wù)會記錄到gitd_executed表中。
?當(dāng)開啟binlog時,事務(wù)不會立即寫入gitd_executed表中,只有當(dāng)Binlog rotate輪詢時亦或者數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)關(guān)閉時,會把事務(wù)寫入至gtid_executed表中。
實驗效果如下:
1.插入數(shù)據(jù)前的gtid_executed表的情況:
(root@localhost) [mysql]> select * from gtid_executed;
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| source_uuid | interval_start | interval_end |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| 4160e9b3-58d9-11e8-b174-005056af6f24 | 1 | 26 |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
2.插入準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù):
insert into ztest.zstudent(stu_name,sex) values('hrd30','M');
insert into ztest.zstudent(stu_name,sex) values('hrd31','M');
commit;
3.插入數(shù)據(jù)后的gtid_executed表的情況:
(root@localhost) [mysql]> select * from gtid_executed;
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| source_uuid | interval_start | interval_end |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| 4160e9b3-58d9-11e8-b174-005056af6f24 | 1 | 26 |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
如上情況,沒有任何改變,Binlog rotate后,查看gtid_executed表的情況
(root@localhost) [mysql]> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
(root@localhost) [mysql]> select * from gtid_executed;
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| source_uuid | interval_start | interval_end |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| 4160e9b3-58d9-11e8-b174-005056af6f24 | 1 | 28 |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到,上述提交的兩個事務(wù),在binlog刷新之后,寫入到了gitd_executed表中。
知識點備注:
RESET MASTER會清空gitd_executed表。
網(wǎng)站名稱:深入理解MySQLGTID
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