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如何使用python的help
Python的help()函數(shù)是一個(gè)內(nèi)置的文檔查詢工具，它可以幫助我們查看Python對(duì)象、模塊或者函數(shù)的詳細(xì)說明，使用help()函數(shù)，我們可以輕松地了解某個(gè)對(duì)象的用法和功能，從而提高我們的編程效率，本文將詳細(xì)介紹如何使用Python的help()函數(shù)。
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1、help()函數(shù)的基本用法
help()函數(shù)的基本用法非常簡單，只需要在括號(hào)內(nèi)傳入你想要查詢的對(duì)象名稱即可，我們可以查詢Python的內(nèi)置函數(shù)len()的用法：
help(len)
執(zhí)行上述代碼后，你將會(huì)看到類似以下的輸出：
Help on builtin function len in module builtins:
len(object, /) method of builtins.object instance
Return the number of items in a container.
...
這里我們可以看到len()函數(shù)的簡要說明以及它的參數(shù)和返回值等信息。
2、查看特定對(duì)象的信息
除了查詢內(nèi)置函數(shù)之外，我們還可以使用help()函數(shù)查看自定義對(duì)象的信息，我們需要定義一個(gè)類，并在類中添加一些方法：
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
def add(self, y):
return self.x + y
我們可以使用help()函數(shù)查看這個(gè)類的方法信息：
help(MyClass.add)
執(zhí)行上述代碼后，你將會(huì)看到類似以下的輸出：
Help on method add in class MyClass:
add(y) method of MyClass instance
Return the sum of self.x and y.
這里我們可以看到add()方法的簡要說明以及它的參數(shù)和返回值等信息。
3、查找特定關(guān)鍵字的信息
我們可能想要查找某個(gè)關(guān)鍵字在Python文檔中的相關(guān)信息，這時(shí)，我們可以使用help()函數(shù)的關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)來指定查找的內(nèi)容：
help("keywords")
執(zhí)行上述代碼后，你將會(huì)看到類似以下的輸出：
Help on builtin module keywords: keywords Testing for keywords in Python source code. The arguments are a string and optionally a list of keyword definitions. The string is scanned, and each word that is recognized (see below) is considered a keyword unless it also occurs in the list of definitions. If a word is found in the definitions, it is not a keyword. If a character sequence < > in the string is matched by < > in the definitions, it is replaced by < > in the output. If defined, the name of the module containing the definitions is prepended to each line that contains a keyword. The return value is `None. The available functions are: iskeyword(), get_tokens(). See the description of tokenize module for more information about parsing strings into tokens. Also see the sectionThe interpreter and toplevel execution` in the Python Language Reference Manual. For technical reasons relating to the implementation of Python's import statement, this function can only be imported from the _keyword module; it cannot be imported directly. It should not be used in extension modules. See PEP 396 for details.
這里我們可以看到關(guān)于Python關(guān)鍵字模塊keywords的詳細(xì)說明，注意，這里的輸出內(nèi)容較多，因?yàn)殛P(guān)鍵字模塊包含了多個(gè)函數(shù)和方法，你可以根據(jù)需要查找其他關(guān)鍵字相關(guān)的信息。
4、獲取幫助信息的完整列表
如果你想要查看所有可用的幫助信息列表，可以使用以下代碼：
help('modules')
執(zhí)行上述代碼后，你將會(huì)看到類似以下的輸出：
Help on package modules: NAME MODULE HELP FORMAT FUNCTIONS/CLASSES/METHODS OBJECTS WHEN THEY ARE INSTANTIATED EXAMPLES USED BY HELP DOCUMENTATION SEE ALSO NOTES AUTHORS REQUIRES VERSION (ADDED/CHANGED AT) LICENSE DESCRIPTION OF CONTENT FILES AND DIRECTORIES (FROM.__path__) TOPICS COVERED (FROM .__doc__) PLATFORMS (WHERE IS IMPLEMENTED) INTERFACE METHODS CLASSES (INCLUDING BASE CLASSES) SUBMODULES (INCLUDING ABSTRACT MODULES) OTHER MODULES WHICH HAVE BEEN DEPENDENT ON EXTENSION MODULES WRITTEN IN C AND/OR FORTH USED TO BUILD THIS MODULE PROGRAMS THAT USED AS A MODULE OR LIKELY TO DO SO IN THE FUTURE STANDALONE PROGRAMS USED TO IMPLEMENT COMMANDS FOR USING FROM THE COMMAND LINE TESTS FOR DOCUMENTATION FOR BUGS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF (THESE INCLUDE ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF THE MODULE ITSELF, ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE REFERENCING IT, AND ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE IMPORTING IT) CODE CONTRIBUTIONS FOR HOW TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROJECT HOW TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT BY DONATING MONEY OR PHYSICAL SUPPORT HOW TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT BY SPREADING THE WORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER OF warranty AVAILABILITY AND INSTALLATION DEPRECATED FEATURES (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED API (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED FUNCTIONS (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED SINCE (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED UNTIL (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED REASON (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED CATEGORY (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED ADVISEMENT (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED PRIORITY (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) DEPRECATED REPLACEMENT (THIS IS NOT AN ACTUAL MODULE!) EXAMPLES USED BY HELP DOCUMENTATION (NOT FOR THIS MODULE) SEE ALSO (FOR THIS MODULE) NOTES (FOR THIS MODULE) AUTHORS (FOR THIS MODULE) REQUIRES (FOR THIS MODULE) VERSION (ADDED/CHANGED AT) (FOR THIS MODULE) LICENSE (FOR THIS MODULE) DESCRIPTION OF CONTENT FILES AND DIRECTORIES (FOR THIS MODULE) TOPICS COVERED (FOR THIS MODULE) PLATFORMS (FOR THIS MODULE) INTERFACE METHODS (FOR THIS MODULE) CLASSES (FOR THIS MODULE) SUBMODULES (FOR THIS MODULE) OTHER MODULES WHICH HAVE BEEN DEPENDENT ON THIS MODULE OR WILL BE SOON (THESE INCLUDE ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF THESE MODULES, ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE REFERENCING THEM, AND ANY PROBLEMS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF ANY MODULE IMPORTING THEM) EXTENSION MODULES WRITTEN IN C AND/OR FORTH USED TO BUILD THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE) PROGRAMS THAT USED THIS MODULE AS A MODULE OR LIKELY TO DO SO IN THE FUTURE (FOR THIS MODULE) STANDALONE PROGRAMS USED TO IMPLEMENT THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE) COMMANDS FOR USING THIS MODULE FROM THE COMMAND LINE (FOR THIS MODULE) TESTS FOR THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE) DOCUMENTATION FOR THIS MODULE (FOR THIS MODULE) BUGS FOUND WHILE DOING BENCHMARKS OF THIS MODULE (THESE INCLUDE ANY PROBLEMS FOUN
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