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創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)Python教程:python入門必會(huì)的助手函數(shù):dir()函數(shù)
今天我們來(lái)看一個(gè)非常重要的函數(shù):DIR()

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中文說(shuō)明:不帶參數(shù)時(shí),返回當(dāng)前范圍內(nèi)的變量、方法和定義的類型列表;帶參數(shù)時(shí),返回參數(shù)的屬性、方法列表。如果參數(shù)包含方法__dir__(),該方法將被調(diào)用。如果參數(shù)不包含__dir__(),該方法將限度地收集參數(shù)信息。
參數(shù)object: 對(duì)象、變量、類型。
版本:該函數(shù)在python各個(gè)版本中都有,但是每個(gè)版本中顯示的屬性細(xì)節(jié)有所不同。使用時(shí)注意區(qū)別。
英文說(shuō)明:
dir([object]) Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope. With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that object. If the object has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and must return the list of attributes. This allows objects that implement a custom __getattr__() or __getattribute__() function to customize the way dir() reports their attributes. If the object does not provide __dir__(), the function tries its best to gather information from the object’ s __dict__ attribute, if defined, and from its type object. The resulting list is not necessarily complete, and may be inaccurate when the object has a custom __getattr__(). The default dir() mechanism behaves differently with different types of objects, as it attempts to produce the most relevant, rather than complete, information: If the object is a module object, the list contains the names of the module’s attributes. If the object is a type or class object, the list contains the names of its attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its bases. Otherwise, the list contains the object’s attributes’ names, the names of its class’s attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its class’s base classes.
例如
>>>import struct >>>dir() # show the names in the module namespace ['__builtins__','__doc__','__name__','struct'] >>>dir(struct) # show the names in the struct module ['Struct','__builtins__','__doc__','__file__','__name__', '__package__','_clearcache','calcsize','error','pack','pack_into', 'unpack','unpack_from'] >>>class Shape(object): def __dir__(self): return ['area','perimeter','location'] >>> s= Shape() >>>dir(s)
['area', 'perimeter', 'location'] Note Because dir() is supplied primarily as a convenience for use at an interactive prompt, it tries to supply an interesting set of names more than it tries to supply a rigorously or consistently defined set of names, and its detailed behavior may change across releases. For example, metaclass attributes are not in the result list when the argument is a class.
代碼實(shí)例
>>>dir() ['__builtins__','__doc__','__name__','__package__'] >>>import struct >>>dir() ['__builtins__','__doc__','__name__','__package__','struct'] >>>dir(struct) ['Struct','__builtins__','__doc__','__file__','__name__','__package__','_clearcache','calcsize','error','pack', 'pack_into','unpack','unpack_from'] >>>class Person(object): ... def __dir__(self): ... return ["name","age","country"] ... >>>dir(Person) ['__class__','__delattr__','__dict__','__dir__','__doc__','__format__','__getattribute__','__hash__','__init__', '__module__','__new__','__reduce__','__reduce_ex__','__repr__','__setattr__','__sizeof__','__str__','__subclasshook__', '__weakref__'] >>> tom= Person() >>>dir(tom) ['age','country','name']
名稱欄目:創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)Python教程:python入門必會(huì)的助手函數(shù):dir()函數(shù)
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