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python異步框架有哪些
Python異步框架有哪些？
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Python是一種非常流行的編程語(yǔ)言，其簡(jiǎn)潔易讀的語(yǔ)法和豐富的庫(kù)使得它在各種應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域都有廣泛的應(yīng)用，Python的同步執(zhí)行方式在處理高并發(fā)、I/O密集型任務(wù)時(shí)可能會(huì)遇到瓶頸，為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，Python提供了異步編程的支持，本文將介紹一些常用的Python異步框架，包括asyncio、Tornado、Twisted和aiohttp等。
1、asyncio
asyncio是Python 3.4版本引入的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)，它提供了一種基于事件循環(huán)的異步編程模型，asyncio的主要特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)單易用，可以輕松地編寫(xiě)高性能的異步代碼，要使用asyncio,首先需要定義一個(gè)異步函數(shù)，使用async def關(guān)鍵字聲明，然后在異步函數(shù)內(nèi)部，可以使用await關(guān)鍵字調(diào)用其他異步函數(shù)或協(xié)程對(duì)象，通過(guò)事件循環(huán)來(lái)調(diào)度這些異步任務(wù)的執(zhí)行。
下面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的asyncio示例：
import asyncio
async def foo():
print('Start foo')
await asyncio.sleep(1)
print('End foo')
async def bar():
print('Start bar')
await asyncio.sleep(2)
print('End bar')
async def main():
tasks = [foo(), bar()]
await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
asyncio.run(main())
2、Tornado
Tornado是一個(gè)用于Web開(kāi)發(fā)的異步網(wǎng)絡(luò)庫(kù)，它的核心是一個(gè)非阻塞的事件循環(huán)，Tornado可以處理大量的并發(fā)連接，支持HTTP、WebSocket等多種協(xié)議，與asyncio類(lèi)似，Tornado也使用async/await語(yǔ)法來(lái)編寫(xiě)異步代碼，不過(guò)，Tornado還提供了許多額外的功能，如模板引擎、靜態(tài)文件處理等。
下面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Tornado示例：
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import tornado.gen
import time
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
@tornado.gen.coroutine
def get(self):
yield self.delay()
self.write("Hello, world")
@tornado.gen.coroutine
def delay(self):
yield tornado.gen.sleep(1)
def make_app():
return tornado.web.Application([
(r"/", MainHandler),
])
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = make_app()
app.listen(8888)
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
3、Twisted
Twisted是一個(gè)用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程和分布式系統(tǒng)的異步框架，它的核心是一個(gè)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的引擎，Twisted支持多種協(xié)議和傳輸層，如TCP、UDP、SSL等，Twisted的異步編程模型基于回調(diào)函數(shù)和Future對(duì)象，可以處理復(fù)雜的異步邏輯，由于Twisted的歷史較長(zhǎng)，它的API相對(duì)較為復(fù)雜，但功能也非常強(qiáng)大。
下面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Twisted示例：
from twisted.internet import reactor, protocol from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks, returnValue from twisted.internet.task import deferLater from twisted.internet.error import ReactorNotRestartableError, ConnectionRefusedError, TCPTimedOutError, ConnectionDone from twisted.words.protocols import irc from twisted.words.protocols import irctcp as irctcpmod from zope.interface import implementer, provider, Interface, objectify, IntEvaluator, IntEvaluatorProviderFromInterfaceFactory, IntEvaluatorWithFallbackFromInterfaceFactory, DefaultFactoryWithTypeAndArguments, DefaultImplementationOfIntEvaluatorWithFallbackFromInterfaceFactory, IIntEvaluatorWithFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutDefaultImplementationFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutDefaultImplementationAndFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutDefaultImplementationAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutDefaultImplementationAndNoFallbackAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutDefaultImplementationAndNoFallbackAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutDefaultImplementationAndNoFallbackAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, IntEvaluatorAnnotationWithoutDefaultImplementationAndNoFallbackAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAndNoFallbackFromInterfaceFactoryAnnotation, 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