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FastAPI和Flask的比較

特性	FastAPI	Flask
類型	Web框架	Web框架
速度	非?？?，基于Starlette和Pydantic	相對(duì)較慢，基于Werkzeug和Jinja2
異步支持	完全支持異步，使用async/await語法	支持異步，需要安裝aiohttp庫(kù)
自動(dòng)依賴解析	是	否
路由定義	使用Python函數(shù)定義路由，無需額外配置	使用裝飾器定義路由，需要額外配置
請(qǐng)求驗(yàn)證	內(nèi)置驗(yàn)證器，如Pydantic	需要安裝第三方庫(kù)，如Marshmallow或Schematics
文檔生成	自動(dòng)生成OpenAPI文檔和交互式API文檔	需要安裝第三方庫(kù)，如Swagger UI或ReDoc
測(cè)試工具	內(nèi)置測(cè)試工具，如Uvicorn和pytest	需要安裝第三方庫(kù)，如pytest和Factory Boy
ORM支持	支持SQLAlchemy、TortoiseORM等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)庫(kù)	支持SQLAlchemy、Peewee等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)庫(kù)
WebSocket支持	內(nèi)置WebSocket支持，使用WebSocketHandler類	需要安裝第三方庫(kù)，如WebSockets或Autobahn
HTTP客戶端	內(nèi)置HTTP客戶端，如FastAPIClient類	需要安裝第三方庫(kù)，如requests或httpx
gRPC支持	支持gRPC協(xié)議，使用grpcio庫(kù)	需要安裝第三方庫(kù)，如grpcio或grpclib
插件系統(tǒng)	支持插件系統(tǒng)，可以自定義中間件和驗(yàn)證器	不支持插件系統(tǒng)，需要繼承Flask類來自定義中間件和驗(yàn)證器

FastAPI示例

1、安裝FastAPI和Uvicorn：

pip install fastapi uvicorn

2、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)FastAPI應(yīng)用：

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
app = FastAPI()
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
    return templates.TemplateResponse("index.html", {"request": Request(method="GET")})

3、運(yùn)行FastAPI應(yīng)用：

uvicorn main:app reload

訪問http://127.0.0.1:8000查看結(jié)果。

Flask示例

1、安裝Flask：

pip install Flask

2、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Flask應(yīng)用：

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, jsonify
import requests
import aiohttp
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, root_validator, EmailStr, constr, AnyUrlStr, conlist, confloat, conint, condecimal, validate_arguments, FilePath, FileAllowed, FileRequired, FileType, FileMaxSize, FileContentTypes, FileKeywordError, validate_email, validate_ip_address, parse_datetime, parse_date, parse_time, parse_duration, parse_color_name, parse_enum, parse_bool, parse_bytes, parse_multidict, AnyHttpUrl, AnyUUID, AnyInt, AnyFloat, AnyBool, AnyText, Regex, Match, OAuthTokenPasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuthScopes, OAuthFlowsParamTypeValidationError, OAuthFlowsClientCredentialsGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsAuthorizationCodeGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsImplicitGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsRefreshTokenGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsResourceOwnerPasswordCredentialsGrantValidationError, OAuthFlowsClientCredentialsRequestValidationError, OAuthFlowsAuthorizationCodeRequestValidationError, OAuthFlowsRefreshTokenRequestValidationError, OAuthFlowsResourceOwnerPasswordCredentialsRequestValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenBaseModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenDataModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenRevokeParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAccessTokenVerifyParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationBaseModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthApplicationDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationBaseModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthAuthorizationDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientBaseModelValidationError, OAuthClientCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthClientDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthCodeBaseModelValidationError, OAuthCodeCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthCodeIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthCodeDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriBaseModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthRedirectUriDeleteParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserBaseModelValidationError, OAuthUserCreateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserUpdateParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserIntrospectionParamsModelValidationError, OAuthUserDeleteParamsModelValidationError
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from flask_login import UserMixin from itsdangerous import URLSafeTimedSerializer from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer from flask_migrate import Migrate from flask_mail import Mail from flask_login import login_user from flask_login import logout_user from flask_login import current_user from flask_login import login_required from flask_wtf.csrf import CSRFProtect from datetime import timedelta from flask_limiter import Limiter from flask_babel import Babel from flask_admin import Admin from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelView from flask_admin.contrib.pydantic import create_modelview from flask_admin.base import BaseView from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelViewAdmin from flask_admin.form import FormViewFieldMixin from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import fields as flasqueraelfields from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import form as flasqueraelform from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import templatefilters as flasqueraeltemplatefilters from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import columnfilters as flasqueraelcolumnfilters from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import columnactions as flasqueraelcolumnactions from flask_admin.widgets import InlineTableColumnWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableRowActionWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableColumnActionButtonWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableColumnActionCheckboxWidget from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import InlineTableColumnActionRadioWidget from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ from flask_admin.utils import gettext as __gettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ungettext as __ungettext__ from flask_admin.utils import ngettext as __ngettext__ from flask_admin.utils import pgettext as __pgettext__ # ...省略其他導(dǎo)入語句 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... @app.route("/") def index(): return render_template("index.html") if __name__ == "__main__": app = Flask(__name__) # ...省略其他代碼 ... run() # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...省略其他代碼 ... # ...

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