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以下的文章主要介紹的是MySQL SUSE SLES11安裝與配置筆記的實際操作過程，我們是在Linux下兩個不同的版本MySQL安裝實戰(zhàn)（MySQL5和MySQL4）演示，以下就是文章的而具體內(nèi)容描述。
Redhat9.2 安裝MySQL5.0
fedora7安裝MySQL
(1) 下載
從MySQL官網(wǎng) 下載到***的發(fā)行版本5.1.45，簡單起見，直接下載SLES11的RPM版本：
- MySQL-server-community-5.1.45-1.sles11.i586.rpm
- MySQL-client-community-5.1.45-1.sles11.i586.rpm
- MySQL-shared-community-5.1.45-1.sles11.i586.rpm
對MySQL版本的選擇，個人意見，如果是作為產(chǎn)品首先考慮穩(wěn)定性和性能，功能夠用即可，版本上謹(jǐn)慎保守一些，但是作為一般開發(fā)用用，追追新也無所謂。
(2) MySQL SUSE SLES11 安裝
1. rpm安裝
- 執(zhí)行：rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.45-1.sles11.i586.rpm
- Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
- 1:MySQL-server-community ########################################### [100%]
- MySQL 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
- To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
- /usr/bin/MySQLadmin -u root password 'new-password'
- /usr/bin/MySQLadmin -u root -h ss-server password 'new-password'
- Alternatively you can run:
- /usr/bin/MySQL_secure_installation
- which will also give you the option of removing the test
- databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
- strongly recommended for production servers.
- See the manual for more instructions.
- Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/MySQLbug script!
- Starting MySQL. done
- Giving MySQLd 2 seconds to start
使用ps -ef | grep MySQL 可以看到msyqld進(jìn)行已經(jīng)啟動。netstat -nat 可以看到默認(rèn)的3306端口已經(jīng)在監(jiān)聽。rpm的安裝的確是夠簡單。
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
但是這樣的默認(rèn)安裝，是沒有指定安裝路徑的，因此MySQL不會MySQL SUSE SLES11 安裝到我們期望的地點(diǎn)。因此只好重新來過，先卸載吧：
rpm -e MySQL-server-community-5.1.45-1.sles11
使用--prefix選項重新安裝:
rpm -ivh --prefix=/work/soft/database/MySQL/ MySQL-server-community-5.1.45-1.sles11.i586.rpm
結(jié)果發(fā)生錯誤：
- error: package MySQL-server-community is not relocatable
居然不能重新定位MySQL SUSE SLES11 安裝路徑，這個就麻煩了。只好重新下載tarbell的版本MySQL-5.1.45.tar.gz，自己動手編譯。
2. 編譯
./configure --prefix=/work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1 --localstatedir=/work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQLdata --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-MySQLd-ldflags=-all-static --with-unix-socket-path=/work/soft/database/MySQL/tmp/MySQL.sock
configure的過程中出現(xiàn)錯誤而中斷：
- checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
先把這個東西裝好
- gunzip ncurses-5.7.tar.gz
- tar xvf ncurses-5.7.tar
- cd ncurses-5.7/
- ./configure
- make
- make install
安裝ncurses之后，重新configure成功，繼續(xù)make,make install完成編譯MySQL SUSE SLES11 安裝。
然后執(zhí)行scripts/MySQL_install_db.
- Installing MySQL system tables...
- OK
- Filling help tables...
- OK
- To start MySQLd at boot time you have to copy
- support-files/MySQL.server to the right place for your system
- PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
- To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
- /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/bin/MySQLadmin -u root password 'new-password'
- /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/bin/MySQLadmin -u root -h ss-server password 'new-password'
- Alternatively you can run:
- /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/bin/MySQL_secure_installation
- which will also give you the option of removing the test
- databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
- strongly recommended for production servers.
- See the manual for more instructions.
- You can start the MySQL daemon with:
- cd /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1 ; /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/bin/MySQLd_safe &
- You can test the MySQL daemon with MySQL-test-run.pl
- cd /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/MySQL-test ; perl MySQL-test-run.pl
- Please report any problems with the /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/bin/MySQLbug script!
接著很重要的事情，設(shè)置MySQLd的開機(jī)啟動:
- cp support-files/MySQL.server /etc/init.d/MySQL
- chkconfig MySQL on
為了方便，將MySQL 的bin目錄加到PATH中，在/etc/profile中加入myslq/bin，順便增加兩個別名方便操作：
- export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$SOFT_ROOT/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/bin:$PATH
- alias MySQL_start="MySQLd_safe&"
- alias MySQL_stop="MySQLadmin -uroot -p shutdown"
3. 配置
按照普遍推薦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)置，需要增加MySQL的user和group：不過上面的MySQL SUSE SLES11 安裝過程結(jié)束后，發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)存在名為MySQL的user和group了：
- ss-server:/etc # groupadd MySQL
- groupadd: Group `MySQL' already exists.
- ss-server:/etc # useradd MySQL -g MySQL
- useradd: Account `MySQL' already exists.
用ps命令可以看到
- ss-server:/etc # ps -ef | grep MySQL
- root 3743 1 0 18:58 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh
/work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1/bin/MySQLd_safe --datadir=
/work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQLdata --pid-file=/
work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQLdata/ss-server.pid- MySQL 3799 3743 0 18:58 ? 00:00:00 /work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1
/libexec/MySQLd --basedir=/work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQL5.1
--datadir=/work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQLdata --user=MySQL --log-error
=/work/soft/database/MySQL/MySQLdata/ss-server.err --pid-file=/work/soft
/database/MySQL/MySQLdata/ss-server.pid
這里MySQLd是以MySQL用戶的身份啟動的。
以下是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的MySQL SUSE SLES11 安裝設(shè)置了
1. 設(shè)置root帳戶的密碼
- MySQLadmin -u root password 'yourpassword'
2. 本機(jī)登錄MySQL, 需要做的事情有： 刪除本機(jī)匿名連接的空密碼帳號；容許root用戶是不允許遠(yuǎn)程登錄。
- MySQL -uroot -p
然后輸入上面設(shè)置的密碼，登錄后在MySQL的命令行中執(zhí)行：
- MySQL>use MySQL;
- MySQL>delete from user where password="";
- MySQL>update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
- MySQL>flush privileges;
- MySQL>quit
對于root賬號，如果考慮安全應(yīng)該新建其他賬號用于遠(yuǎn)程登錄，root賬號可以不必開啟遠(yuǎn)程登錄。不過對于一般使用，沒有太多安全需求，允許root用戶遠(yuǎn)程登錄可以方便管理，畢竟使用專用管理軟件的圖形界面在操作方面要方便的多。
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