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Golang簡(jiǎn)介
Go(又稱Golang)是Google開(kāi)發(fā)的一種靜態(tài)類型，編譯型，并具有垃圾回收功能的編程語(yǔ)言，Go語(yǔ)言的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)之一是簡(jiǎn)潔和清晰的語(yǔ)法，使得程序員可以更專注于解決問(wèn)題而不是編寫代碼，Go語(yǔ)言于2007年由Robert Griesemer、Rob Pike和Ken Thompson共同設(shè)計(jì)，并于2009年正式發(fā)布，Go語(yǔ)言在高并發(fā)、分布式系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，因?yàn)樗哂幸韵绿攸c(diǎn)：
創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)長(zhǎng)期為上千客戶提供的網(wǎng)站建設(shè)服務(wù)，團(tuán)隊(duì)從業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)10年，關(guān)注不同地域、不同群體，并針對(duì)不同對(duì)象提供差異化的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)；打造開(kāi)放共贏平臺(tái)，與合作伙伴共同營(yíng)造健康的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)生態(tài)環(huán)境。為豐潤(rùn)企業(yè)提供專業(yè)的成都網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)、成都網(wǎng)站制作，豐潤(rùn)網(wǎng)站改版等技術(shù)服務(wù)。擁有10余年豐富建站經(jīng)驗(yàn)和眾多成功案例,為您定制開(kāi)發(fā)。
1、并發(fā)性能高：Go語(yǔ)言內(nèi)置了goroutine和channel機(jī)制，可以輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)高并發(fā)編程。
2、內(nèi)存管理簡(jiǎn)單：Go語(yǔ)言采用自動(dòng)垃圾回收機(jī)制，減少了內(nèi)存泄漏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
3、接口豐富：Go語(yǔ)言支持多種接口類型，如interface{}、struct、array等，方便開(kāi)發(fā)者進(jìn)行靈活的編碼。
4、跨平臺(tái)：Go語(yǔ)言可以在Windows、Linux和macOS等多種操作系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行。
Golang的高并發(fā)編程
1、goroutine
goroutine是Go語(yǔ)言中實(shí)現(xiàn)并發(fā)的基本單位，一個(gè)goroutine就是一個(gè)輕量級(jí)的線程，由Go運(yùn)行時(shí)管理，通過(guò)關(guān)鍵字go可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的goroutine。
func worker() {
fmt.Println("I'm a worker")
}
2、channel
channel是Go語(yǔ)言中用于在不同goroutine之間傳遞數(shù)據(jù)的通道，使用make函數(shù)可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的channel,然后通過(guò)<-操作符將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到channel,或者使用range遍歷channel中的數(shù)據(jù)。
ch := make(chan int)
ch <1
ch <2
ch <3
for v := range ch {
fmt.Println(v)
}
Golang的分布式系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)
1、使用gRPC
gRPC是一個(gè)高性能、開(kāi)源的通用RPC框架，面向移動(dòng)和HTTP/2設(shè)計(jì)，Go語(yǔ)言的官方團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了gRPC框架，提供了豐富的API和工具支持，在分布式系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)中，可以使用gRPC實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)之間的通信和調(diào)用。
syntax = "proto3";
package main;
service SearchService {
rpc Search(SearchRequest) returns (SearchResponse);
}
message SearchRequest {
string query = 1;
}
message SearchResponse {
int32 results = 1;
}
2、使用Redis作為緩存層
在分布式系統(tǒng)中，為了提高系統(tǒng)的性能和擴(kuò)展性，通常會(huì)使用緩存層來(lái)減輕數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的壓力，Go語(yǔ)言中可以使用第三方庫(kù)如github.com/go-redis/redis來(lái)操作Redis數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/go-redis/redis"
)
func main() {
rdb := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{})
_, err := rdb.Set("key", "value", 0).Result() // set key value with expiration time in seconds (0 means no expiration) and return result of operation. Note that keys are always encoded in hexadecimal format. If non-hex characters are passed, Redis will return an error. This method is not recommended for generating random strings or other types of non-hex characters. The returned type is string because Redis can also return nil if the key already exists in the database. In this case, it is safe to ignore the error and use the existing value. If you want to overwrite the existing value with a new value and get a boolean as a result, use the SetNX method instead. The second argument is an integer representing the number of seconds until the key expires. When the expiration time is reached, Redis automatically deletes the key from its internal data structures and returns false to indicate that the key has expired. If you want to disable automatic deletion of keys when they expire, set the expiry parameter to -1. To check whether a key exists in Redis and get its value, use the Get method. To delete a key from Redis, use the Del method. To delete all keys in Redis, use the FLUSHDB method. To monitor Redis activity from your application, use the INFO command on the server side or the Monitor command on the client side. To execute commands from the server side using a transaction object, use the Tx method on the server side. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection, use the Watch method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on one side of the connection only, use the Multi method on one side of the connection only. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection without blocking any other operations on either side of the connection, use the XLock method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection with a timeout value specified by a duration parameter, use the XLockWithTimeout method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection with a timeout value specified by a duration parameter and a maximum amount of time spent waiting for lock acquisition before returning an error, use the XLockWithTimeoutNanos method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection with a timeout value specified by a duration parameter and a maximum amount of time spent waiting for lock release before returning an error, use the XUnlock method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection with a timeout value specified by a duration parameter and a maximum amount of time spent waiting for lock release before returning an error, use the XUnlockAll method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection with a timeout value specified by a duration parameter and a maximum amount of time spent waiting for lock release before returning an error, use the XAdd method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection with a timeout value specified by a duration parameter and a maximum amount of time spent waiting for lock release before returning an error, use the XAddWithCreate method on both sides of the connection. To execute commands from multiple clients simultaneously using transactions on both sides of the connection with a timeout value specified by a duration parameter and a maximum amount of time spent waiting for lock release before returning an error, use the XAddNexusWithCreate method on both sides of_the_connection_with_a_timeout_value_specified_by_a_duration_parameter_and_a_maximum_amount_of_time_spent_waiting_for_lock_release_before_returning_an_error_on_both_sides_of_the_connection_with_a_timeout_value_specified_by_a_duration_parameter_and_a_maximum_amount_of_time_spent_waiting
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