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在Linux下開啟SSL的方法有很多,這里我們主要介紹兩種常見的方法:使用Apache或Nginx服務(wù)器以及使用Let’s Encrypt免費(fèi)證書,下面我們將詳細(xì)介紹這兩種方法的步驟和注意事項(xiàng)。

方法一:使用Apache或Nginx服務(wù)器
1. 安裝Apache或Nginx服務(wù)器
在Linux下安裝Apache或Nginx服務(wù)器的方法有很多,這里以Ubuntu系統(tǒng)為例,使用以下命令安裝:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install apache2
或者
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nginx
2. 配置Apache或Nginx服務(wù)器支持SSL
對(duì)于Apache服務(wù)器,我們需要編輯其配置文件(通常位于/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf),在標(biāo)簽內(nèi)添加以下內(nèi)容:
SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /path/to/your/certificate.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/your/privatekey.key
對(duì)于Nginx服務(wù)器,我們需要編輯其配置文件(通常位于/etc/nginx/sites-available/default),在server { listen 443; }塊內(nèi)添加以下內(nèi)容:
ssl_certificate /path/to/your/certificate.crt; ssl_certificate_key /path/to/your/privatekey.key;
然后重啟Apache或Nginx服務(wù)器以使配置生效:
對(duì)于Apache服務(wù)器:
sudo service apache2 restart
對(duì)于Nginx服務(wù)器:
sudo service nginx restart
3. 測(cè)試SSL是否生效
打開瀏覽器,訪問你的網(wǎng)站(假設(shè)域名為example.com,IP地址為192.168.1.100),在地址欄中查看是否有綠色的鎖標(biāo)志,如果有,說明SSL已經(jīng)生效。
方法二:使用Let’s Encrypt免費(fèi)證書
1. 安裝Certbot工具
Certbot是一個(gè)用于自動(dòng)獲取Let’s Encrypt免費(fèi)證書的工具,首先需要安裝它:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install certbot python3-certbot-apache 對(duì)于Apache服務(wù)器 sudo apt-get install certbot python3-certbot-nginx 對(duì)于Nginx服務(wù)器
2. 申請(qǐng)Let’s Encrypt證書并自動(dòng)配置Apache或Nginx服務(wù)器(以Apache為例)
運(yùn)行以下命令申請(qǐng)證書:
sudo certbot --apache --agree-tos --redirect --renew-by-default --email your@email.com --webroot -w /var/www/html example.com 將example.com替換為你的域名,將your@email.com替換為你的郵箱地址,將/var/www/html替換為你的實(shí)際網(wǎng)站根目錄路徑
按照提示操作,完成證書申請(qǐng)過程,Certbot會(huì)自動(dòng)配置Apache服務(wù)器的虛擬主機(jī),使其支持SSL,你可以通過訪問https://example.com來查看證書是否生效,如果一切正常,你會(huì)看到一個(gè)類似于以下的輸出:
Your certificate has been installed successfully! Your domain name (example.com) has been validated by Let's Encrypt. This means that it is now secure and trusted by all major browsers! The SSL certificate was installed successfully at 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z. Your certificate will expire on 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z. To renew or redeploy your certificate later using this command, please run again with the--renewal-hookoption followed by a path to the renewal hook script which should be located in the/etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/$LE_DOMAIN_ENVIRONMENT directory. For more information about renewal hooks, see https://letsencrypt.org/docs/getting-started-with-the-apache-renewer/automatically-renewing-your-certificates. If you want to keep your existing certificate after this command completes, simply runexit`. If you need help or have questions, please visit https://letsencrypt.org or email us at support@letsencrypt.org. Thank you! -The ACME Server (support@acme.sh) (administrator) [id=e5a9fbb7-c7b8-4f5d-8e7e-6e5fbc3b7d5a] (using fqdn) -Please consider supporting the ACME Project by signing up for an account at https://acme.sh if you plan to reuse this configuration in the future. Thank you!"
至此,你已經(jīng)成功地在Linux下啟用了SSL,現(xiàn)在你可以放心地將你的網(wǎng)站部署到這個(gè)安全的環(huán)境中。
名稱欄目:linux啟動(dòng)ssl
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