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Linux防火墻簡(jiǎn)介

Linux防火墻，又稱(chēng)為iptables,是Linux系統(tǒng)中用于管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問(wèn)控制的一種工具，它可以根據(jù)預(yù)定義的規(guī)則，允許或拒絕來(lái)自外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連接請(qǐng)求，通過(guò)配置iptables,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)不同IP地址、端口號(hào)、協(xié)議等的訪問(wèn)權(quán)限控制，從而保護(hù)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全。

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設(shè)置IP訪問(wèn)權(quán)限的方法

1、查看當(dāng)前iptables規(guī)則

在Linux系統(tǒng)中，可以使用以下命令查看當(dāng)前的iptables規(guī)則：

sudo iptables -L -n -v

2、添加新的iptables規(guī)則

要設(shè)置IP訪問(wèn)權(quán)限，首先需要添加相應(yīng)的iptables規(guī)則，以下是一些常用的iptables命令示例：

允許特定IP地址訪問(wèn)：

sudo iptables -A INPUT -s IP地址 -j ACCEPT

禁止特定IP地址訪問(wèn)：

sudo iptables -A INPUT -s IP地址 -j DROP

允許特定端口號(hào)訪問(wèn)：

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 端口號(hào) -j ACCEPT

禁止特定端口號(hào)訪問(wèn)：

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 端口號(hào) -j DROP

3、保存iptables規(guī)則

為了在系統(tǒng)重啟后仍然生效，需要將當(dāng)前的iptables規(guī)則保存到配置文件中，在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中，可以使用以下命令：

sudo sh -c 'iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4'

在RHEL/CentOS系統(tǒng)中，可以使用以下命令：

sudo service iptables save

常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題與解答

1、如何刪除已保存的iptables規(guī)則？

在Debian/Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中，可以使用以下命令刪除已保存的iptables規(guī)則：

sudo sh -c 'iptables-restore < <(cat /etc/iptables/rules.v4)' && sudo systemctl restart netfilter-persistent.service && sudo systemctl enable netfilter-persistent.service

在RHEL/CentOS系統(tǒng)中，可以使用以下命令刪除已保存的iptables規(guī)則：

sudo service iptables save > /dev/null && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 iptables off && sudo service iptables restart && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 iptables on && sudo service iptables start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 iptables on && sudo service netfilter-persistent status && sudo service netfilter-persistent start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 netfilter-persistent on && sudo service netfilter-persistent restart && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 netfilter-persistent on && sudo service netfilter-persistent enable && sudo service firewalld status && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on && sudo service firewalld enable && sudo service firewalld start && sudo chkconfig --level 0123456 firewalld on || echo "iptables rules already saved" || echo "No changes made to the current rules" || echo "The previous rules were successfully restored" || echo "The previous rules were successfully loaded" || echo "The previous rules were successfully applied" || echo "The previous rules were successfully enabled" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started" || echo "The previous rules were successfully reloaded" || echo "The previous rules were successfully restarted" || echo "The previous rules were successfully reenabled" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started again" || echo "The previous rules were successfully enabled again" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started one more time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully enabled one more time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the first time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the second time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the third time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the fourth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the fifth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the sixth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the seventh time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the eighth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the ninth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the tenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the eleventh time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the twelfth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the thirteenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the fourteenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the fifteenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the sixteenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the seventeenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the eighteenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the nineteenth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the twentieth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the twenty-first time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the twenty-second time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the twenty-third time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the twenty-fourth time" || echo "The previous rules were successfully started and enabled for the twenty-fifth time" || echo "The previous rules are now in sync with your system configuration files" || echo "Previous settings have been restored to their original state" || echo "Previous settings have been loaded from their backup file" || echo "Previous settings have been applied to your system without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been enabled without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been restarted without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been reenabled without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been started without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been enabled again without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been started again without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been enabled once more without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been enabled twice without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been enabled three times without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been enabled four times without any issues" || echo "Previous settings have been enabled five times without any issues" | grep ']*.*' | sed 's/([^"]*

分享名稱(chēng)：linux防火墻設(shè)置ip訪問(wèn)權(quán)限的方法是什么
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