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數(shù)組是可以在兩個(gè)以上維度中存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的r數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象。 例如 - 如果我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)維度(2,3,4)的數(shù)組,則它創(chuàng)建4個(gè)矩形矩陣,每個(gè)矩陣具有2行和3列。 數(shù)組只能存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)類型。
使用
array()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建數(shù)組。 它使用向量作為輸入,并使用
dim參數(shù)中的值創(chuàng)建數(shù)組。

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例
以下示例創(chuàng)建一個(gè)由兩個(gè)3x3矩陣組成的數(shù)組,每個(gè)矩陣具有3行和3列。
# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) print(result)
當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行上面的代碼,它產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果 -
, , 1
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
, , 2
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
命名列和行
我們可以使用dimnames參數(shù)給數(shù)組中的行,列和矩陣命名。
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")
# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,column.names,
matrix.names))
print(result)
當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行上面的代碼,它產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果 -
, , Matrix1
COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1 5 10 13
ROW2 9 11 14
ROW3 3 12 15
, , Matrix2
COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1 5 10 13
ROW2 9 11 14
ROW3 3 12 15
訪問數(shù)組元素
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")
# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,
column.names, matrix.names))
# Print the third row of the second matrix of the array.
print(result[3,,2])
# Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st matrix.
print(result[1,3,1])
# Print the 2nd Matrix.
print(result[,,2])
當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行上面的代碼,它產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果 -
COL1 COL2 COL3
3 12 15
[1] 13
COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1 5 10 13
ROW2 9 11 14
ROW3 3 12 15
操作數(shù)組元素
由于數(shù)組由多維構(gòu)成矩陣,所以對(duì)數(shù)組元素的操作通過訪問矩陣的元素來執(zhí)行。
# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector3 <- c(9,1,0) vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9) array2 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) # create matrices from these arrays. matrix1 <- array1[,,2] matrix2 <- array2[,,2] # Add the matrices. result <- matrix1+matrix2 print(result)
當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行上面的代碼,它產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果 -
[,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 10 20 26 [2,] 18 22 28 [3,] 6 24 30
跨數(shù)組元素的計(jì)算
我們可以使用apply()函數(shù)在數(shù)組中的元素上進(jìn)行計(jì)算。
語法
apply(x, margin, fun)
以下是所使用的參數(shù)的說明 -
-
x是一個(gè)數(shù)組。
-
margin是所使用的數(shù)據(jù)集的名稱。
-
fun是要應(yīng)用于數(shù)組元素的函數(shù)。
例
我們使用下面的apply()函數(shù)計(jì)算所有矩陣中數(shù)組行中元素的總和。
# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2)) print(new.array) # Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices. result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum) print(result)
當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行上面的代碼,它產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果 -
, , 1
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
, , 2
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
[1] 56 68 60
新聞標(biāo)題:創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)R語言教程:R語言數(shù)組
標(biāo)題鏈接:http://www.dlmjj.cn/article/cdcdioc.html


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