es之索引別名的使用

• 別名有什么?

在開發(fā)中，隨著業(yè)務需求的迭代，較?的業(yè)務邏輯就要?臨更新甚?是重構，?對于es來說，為了適應新的業(yè)務邏輯，可能就要對原有的索引做?些修改，?如對某些字段做調(diào)整，甚?是重建索引。?做這些操作的時候，可能會對業(yè)務造成影響，甚?是停機調(diào)整等問題。由此，es提供了索引別名來解決這些問題。 索引別名就像?個快捷?式或是軟連接，可以指向?個或多個索引，也可以給任意?個需要索引名的API來使?。別名的應?為程序提供了極?地靈活性。

• 查詢別名

GET /nba/_alias
GET /_alias

• 新增別名

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "nba_v1.0"
      }
    }
  ]
}

PUT /nba/_alias/nba_v1.1

• 刪除別名

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "remove": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "nba_v1.0"
      }
    }
  ]
}

DELETE /nba/_alias/nba_v1.1

• 重命名

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "remove": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "nba_v1.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "nba_v2.0"
      }
    }
  ]
}

• 為多個索引指定?個別名

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "national_player"
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "wnba",
        "alias": "national_player"
      }
    }
  ]
}

• 為同個索引指定多個別名

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "nba_v2.1"
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "nba_v2.2"
      }
    }
  ]
}

• 通過別名讀索引

當別名指定了?個索引，則查出?個索引。

GET /nba_v2.1

當別名指定了多個索引，則查出多個索引。

GET /national_player

• 通過別名寫索引

當別名指定了?個索引，則可以做寫的操作。

POST /nba_v2.1/_doc/566
{
 "countryEn": "Croatia",
 "teamName": "快船",
 "birthDay": 858661200000,
 "country": "克羅地亞",
 "teamCityEn": "LA",
 "code": "ivica_zubac",
 "displayAffiliation": "Croatia",
 "displayName": "伊維察 祖巴茨哥哥",
 "schoolType": "",
 "teamConference": "?部",
 "teamConferenceEn": "Western",
 "weight": "108.9 公?",
 "teamCity": "洛杉磯",
 "playYear": 3,
 "jerseyNo": "40",
 "teamNameEn": "Clippers",
 "draft": 2016,
 "displayNameEn": "Ivica Zubac",
 "heightValue": 2.16,
 "birthDayStr": "1997-03-18",
 "position": "中鋒",
 "age": 22,
 "playerId": "1627826"
}

當別名指定了多個索引，可以指定寫某個索引。

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "national_player",
        "is_write_index": true
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "wnba",
        "alias": "national_player"
      }
    }
  ]
}

POST /national_player/_doc/566
{
 "countryEn": "Croatia",
 "teamName": "快船",
 "birthDay": 858661200000,
 "country": "克羅地亞",
 "teamCityEn": "LA",
 "code": "ivica_zubac",
 "displayAffiliation": "Croatia",
 "displayName": "伊維察 祖巴茨妹妹",
 "schoolType": "",
 "teamConference": "?部",
 "teamConferenceEn": "Western",
 "weight": "108.9 公?",
 "teamCity": "洛杉磯",
 "playYear": 3,
 "jerseyNo": "40",
 "teamNameEn": "Clippers",
 "draft": 2016,
 "displayNameEn": "Ivica Zubac",
 "heightValue": 2.16,
 "birthDayStr": "1997-03-18",
 "position": "中鋒",
 "age": 22,
 "playerId": "1627826"
}

es之如何重建索引

背景

Elasticsearch是?個實時的分布式搜索引擎，為?戶提供搜索服務，當我們決定存儲某種數(shù)據(jù)時，在創(chuàng)建索引的時候需要將數(shù)據(jù)結構完整確定下來，于此同時索引的設定和很多固定配置將?不能改變。當需要改變數(shù)據(jù)結構時，就需要重新建?索引，為此，Elastic團隊提供了很多輔助?具幫助開發(fā)?員進?重建索引。

步驟

• nba取?個別名nba_latest, nba_latest作為對外使?。
• 新增?個索引nba_20220101，結構復制于nba索引，根據(jù)業(yè)務要求修改字段。
• 將nba數(shù)據(jù)同步到nba_20220101。
• 給nba_20220101添加別名nba_latest，刪除nba別名nba_latest。
• 刪除nba索引。

我們對外提供訪問nba索引時使?的是nba_latest別名

1.新增?個索引(?如修改字段類型，jerseyNo改成keyword類型)

PUT /nba_20220101
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "age": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "birthDay": {
        "type": "date"
      },
      "birthDayStr": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "code": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "country": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "countryEn": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "displayAffiliation": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "displayName": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "displayNameEn": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "draft": {
        "type": "long"
      },
      "heightValue": {
        "type": "float"
      },
      "jerseyNo": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "playYear": {
        "type": "long"
      },
      "playerId": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "position": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "schoolType": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "teamCity": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "teamCityEn": {
        "type": "text"
      },
      "teamConference": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "teamConferenceEn": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "teamName": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "teamNameEn": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "weight": {
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}

2.將舊索引數(shù)據(jù)copy到新索引

同步等待，接?將會在 reindex 結束后返回。

POST /_reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "nba"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "nba_20220101"
  }
}

異步執(zhí)?，如果 reindex 時間過?，建議加上 wait_for_completion=false 的參數(shù)條件，這樣 reindex 將直接返回 taskId

POST /_reindex?wait_for_completion=false
{
  "source": {
    "index": "nba"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "nba_20220101"
  }
}

3.替換別名

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "nba_20220101",
        "alias": "nba_latest"
      }
    },
    {
      "remove": {
        "index": "nba",
        "alias": "nba_latest"
      }
    }
  ]
}

4.刪除舊索引

DELETE /nba

5.通過別名訪問新索引

POST /nba_latest/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "displayNameEn": "james"
    }
  }
}

es之refresh操作

理想的搜索：

新的數(shù)據(jù)?添加到索引中??就能搜索到，但是真實情況不是這樣的。我們使?鏈式命令請求，先添加?個?檔，再?刻搜索。

curl -X PUT localhost:9200/star/_doc/888 -H 'Content-Type:
application/json' -d '{ "displayName": "蔡徐坤" }'
curl -X GET localhost:9200/star/_doc/_search?pretty

強制刷新

curl -X PUT localhost:9200/star/_doc/666?refresh -H 'Content-Type:
application/json' -d '{ "displayName": "楊超越" }'
curl -X GET localhost:9200/star/_doc/_search?pretty

修改默認更新時間(默認時間是1s)

PUT /star/_settings
{
  "index": {
    "refresh_interval": "5s"
  }
}

將refresh關閉

PUT /star/_settings
{
  "index": {
    "refresh_interval": "-1"
  }
}

es之高亮查詢

前?

如果返回的結果集中很多符合條件的結果，那怎么能?眼就能看到我們想要的那個結果呢？?如下??站所示的那樣，我們搜索 ?d課堂 ，在結果集中，將所有 ?d課堂 ?亮顯示？

高亮查詢

POST /nba_latest/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "displayNameEn": "james"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "displayNameEn": {}
    }
  }
}

自定義高亮查詢

POST /nba_latest/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "displayNameEn": "james"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "displayNameEn": {
        "pre_tags": [
          "
"
        ],
        "post_tags": [
          "
"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

es之查詢建議

查詢建議是什么

• 查詢建議，是為了給?戶提供更好的搜索體驗。包括：詞條檢查，?動補全。
• 詞條檢查

• ?動補全

Suggester

• Term suggester
• Phrase suggester
• Completion suggester

字段

Term suggester

term 詞條建議器，對給輸?的?本進?分詞，為每個分詞提供詞項建議。

POST /nba_latest/_search
{
  "suggest": {
    "my-suggestion": {
      "text": "jamse hardne",
      "term": {
        "suggest_mode": "missing",
        "field": "displayNameEn"
      }
    }
  }
}

Phrase suggester

phrase 短語建議，在term的基礎上，會考量多個term之間的關系，?如是否同時出現(xiàn)在索引的原??，相鄰程度，以及詞頻等。

POST /nba_latest/_search
{
  "suggest": {
    "my-suggestion": {
      "text": "jamse harden",
      "phrase": {
        "field": "displayNameEn"
      }
    }
  }
}

Completion suggester

Completion 完成建議。

POST /nba_latest/_search
{
  "suggest": {
    "my-suggestion": {
      "text": "Miam",
      "completion": {
        "field": "teamCityEn"
      }
    }
  }
}

分享名稱：搜索引擎之ElasticSearch的高級使用
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