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一、Linux運維常用命令
1. 文件操作命令
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(1)ls:列出目錄中的文件和子目錄
ls
(2)cd:切換目錄
cd /home/user
(3)mkdir:創(chuàng)建目錄
mkdir new_directory
(4)rmdir:刪除空目錄
rmdir empty_directory
(5)cp:復制文件或目錄
cp source_file destination_file cp -r source_directory destination_directory
(6)mv:移動或重命名文件或目錄
mv old_name new_name mv source_directory destination_directory
(7)touch:創(chuàng)建空文件或修改文件時間戳
touch file_name
(8)cat:查看文件內容或合并多個文件
cat file_name cat file1 file2 > combined_file
(9)grep:在文件中搜索指定內容
grep "search_pattern" file_name grep "search_pattern" file1 file2 > output_file
(10)find:查找文件或目錄
find directory_path -name "search_pattern" -type f -o find directory_path -name "search_pattern" -type d
2. 系統管理命令
(1)ps:查看進程狀態(tài)
ps aux | grep process_name
(2)top:實時查看系統進程狀態(tài)和資源占用情況
top
(3)kill:終止進程
kill process_id or signal name (e.g., kill -9 SIGKILL)
(4)free:查看內存使用情況
free -h
(5)df:查看磁盤空間使用情況
```
df -h --total --local --used --available --output=target,size,used,avail,usepercent,mountedon,fstype,flags --separate-output target,size,used,avail,usepercent,mountedon,fstype,flags /path/to/mountpoint | grep '^/dev' | sort -k5 -h -r -n -o 5,5,10,10,15,15,20,20,25,25,30,30,35,35,40,40,45,45,50,50,55,55,60,60,65,65,70,70,75,75,80,80,85,85,90,90,95,95 100% used /var/lib/docker/volumes/kubernetes_var_lib_docker_volumes/overlay2/diff?lowerdir=/var/lib/docker&upperdir=/var/lib/docker &options=rw,relatime ext4 on /dev/xvdb type ext4 (rw,relatime) procfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime mounted on /proc none bind /sys none defroat sysfs relabel rw 000 none defaults 00 0 systemd_resolved none rprivate (deleted) tmpfs none rprivate (deleted) devpts none rprivate (deleted) tmpfs tmpfs rw mode=0755 (root) systemd udev tmpfs rshared root=UUID=xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx none swap.swap x86_64 (swaparea) none swap.swap x86_64 (swaparea) none swap.swap x86_64 (swaparea) none swap.swap x86_64 (swaparea) none swap.swap x86_64 (swaparea) none swap.swap x86_64 (swaparea) none swap.swap x86_64 (swaparea) none Id=c5a9ebc3-b7e8-4f3e-9f7e-e1b7c3e3e6c9 flags=IODAPM|IOCACHIVE|IOCHARDEV|IODIRBUSY|IOFODWAIT|IOKEEPSIZE|IOMAXREPLY|IONOBYPASS|IONONBLOCK|IOPROMISC|IOREADAHEAD|IOREADONLY|IORESTART|IOSECANCELED|IOSENABLED|IOSHUTDOWN|IOSUBCLASS|IOSTALL|IOWANTMORE|IOREMAPPED|IORPERM|IOWANTLOCKEDPAGES|IOUPERMSET|IPCACHED IOWRITEAHEAD|IOWRITECOPY|IRWXUGO ioctl readonly set [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] % used (totally; idle; short; busy; waiting; dead; detached from system; unusable; unaddressable; unknown) idling CPUs: SMP CPUs: #CPUs: Total RAM in machine: Free RAM in machine: Used RAM in machine: Shared RAM in machine: Virtual memory size: Total swap space in machine: Free swap space in machine: Used swap space in machine: Locked swap space in machine: Paging space available: Paging space total: Paging space used by applications: Paging space used by kernel: Dirty pages: Writeback cache dirty pages: Asynchronous dirty pages: Page table dirty pages: Pagecache dirty pages: Slab cache dirty pages: NFS dirty pages: Vmalloc dirty pages: VMHugepage free pages: VMHUGEPAGES total: VMHUGEPAGES free: VMHUGEPAGES used: VMHUGEPAGES shared: direct map count: direct mapped + anon + filemaps + shmem map count: direct mapped + anon + filemaps + shmem mapped total page tables entries (pmd): ...
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