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Java線程通信方式主要有以下幾種：
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1、共享內(nèi)存
2、信號(hào)量
3、管道
4、消息隊(duì)列
5、套接字
6、共享文件
7、信號(hào)
8、原子操作
9、wait/notify機(jī)制
下面我們將詳細(xì)介紹這些線程通信方式。
共享內(nèi)存
共享內(nèi)存是多個(gè)線程共享同一塊內(nèi)存空間，通過(guò)讀寫共享變量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)線程間的通信，這種方式簡(jiǎn)單易用，但需要注意同步問(wèn)題，避免出現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)不一致的情況。
class SharedMemoryExample {
private static int sharedVar = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
sharedVar++;
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
sharedVar;
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
try {
t1.join();
t2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("sharedVar: " + sharedVar);
}
}
信號(hào)量
信號(hào)量是一種用于控制多個(gè)線程對(duì)共享資源訪問(wèn)的計(jì)數(shù)器，當(dāng)信號(hào)量值為正時(shí)，線程可以訪問(wèn)共享資源；當(dāng)信號(hào)量值為負(fù)時(shí)，線程需要等待其他線程釋放資源。
Java中可以使用Semaphore類實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)量。
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
class SemaphoreExample {
private static Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
System.out.println("Thread 1 acquired the semaphore");
Thread.sleep(1000);
semaphore.release();
System.out.println("Thread 1 released the semaphore");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
System.out.println("Thread 2 acquired the semaphore");
semaphore.release();
System.out.println("Thread 2 released the semaphore");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
管道
管道是一種半雙工的通信方式，數(shù)據(jù)只能在一個(gè)方向上流動(dòng)，在Java中，可以使用PipedInputStream和PipedOutputStream類實(shí)現(xiàn)管道通信。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedInputStream;
import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
class PipeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
PipedInputStream inputStream = new PipedInputStream();
PipedOutputStream outputStream = new PipedOutputStream();
outputStream.connect(inputStream);
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
try {
outputStream.write("Hello, world!".getBytes());
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
try {
int data = inputStream.read();
while (data != 1) {
System.out.print((char) data);
data = inputStream.read();
}
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
消息隊(duì)列
消息隊(duì)列是一種先進(jìn)先出（FIFO）的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，用于存儲(chǔ)線程間傳遞的消息，Java中可以使用BlockingQueue接口及其實(shí)現(xiàn)類（如LinkedBlockingQueue）實(shí)現(xiàn)消息隊(duì)列。
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
class MessageQueueExample {
private static BlockingQueue messageQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
try {
messageQueue.put("Hello, world!");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
try {
String message = messageQueue.take();
System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
套接字
套接字（Socket）是一種基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通信方式，可以在不同計(jì)算機(jī)上的線程之間進(jìn)行通信，Java中可以使用Socket類和ServerSocket類實(shí)現(xiàn)套接字通信。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
class SocketExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
try {
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer);
System.out.println("Received message: " + new String(buffer, 0, bytesRead));
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
try {
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("Hello, world!".getBytes());
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
共享文件
共享文件是指多個(gè)線程通過(guò)讀寫同一個(gè)文件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)通信，這種方式適用于需要持久化數(shù)據(jù)的場(chǎng)合。
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
class SharedFileExample {
private static final String FILE_NAME = "shared_file.txt";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(FILE_NAME))) {
writer.write("Hello, world!");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(FILE_NAME))) {
String message = reader.readLine();
System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
信號(hào)
信號(hào)是一種異步通知機(jī)制，用于通知接收線程發(fā)生了某個(gè)事件，Java中可以使用Object類的wait()和notify()方法實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)機(jī)制。
class SignalExample {
private static Object lock = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
synchronized (lock) {
try {
System.out.println("Thread 1 is waiting for a signal");
lock.wait();
System.out.println("Thread 1 received the signal");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
synchronized (lock) {
System.out.println("Thread 2 is sending a signal");
lock.notify();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
原子操作
原子操作是一種不可中斷的操作，可以確保多個(gè)線程在訪問(wèn)共享資源時(shí)不會(huì)發(fā)生沖突，Java中可以使用AtomicInteger、AtomicLong等原子類實(shí)現(xiàn)原子操作。
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
class AtomicExample {
private static AtomicInteger atomicInt = new AtomicInteger(0);
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
atomicInt.incrementAndGet();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
atomicInt.decrementAndGet();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
try {
t1.join();
t2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Atomic integer value: " + atomicInt.get());
}
}
wait/notify機(jī)制
wait/notify機(jī)制是一種讓線程等待某個(gè)條件滿足后再繼續(xù)執(zhí)行的方法，Java中可以使用Object類的wait()和notify()方法實(shí)現(xiàn)wait/notify機(jī)制，這種機(jī)制通常與同步機(jī)制一起使用，以確保線程安全。
class WaitNotifyExample {
private static Object lock = new Object();
private static boolean condition = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() > {
synchronized (lock) {
while (!condition) {
try {
System.out.println("Thread 1 is waiting for the condition");
lock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("Thread 1 received the notification and condition is true");
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() > {
synchronized (lock) {
condition = true;
System.out.println("Thread 2 is sending a notification");
lock.notify();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
當(dāng)前題目：java線程通信方式有幾種
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